Author: Grey
Adventurer, Private Investigator, Explorer, Treasure Hunter
Yamashita’s Gold – The Malayan Tiger’s Treasure
- by Grey
YAMASHITA’S GOLD
The Malaya Tiger’s Treasure
Overview
During World War II Imperial Japanese forces led by general Tomoyuki Yamashita, also known as “The Tiger of Malaya”, laid siege to to Malaya, conquering it in 70 days during which it is believed they looted approximately 6,000 tonnes of gold with the intention of using it to financially support the Japanese war effort.
The treasure is said to have been hidden in caves, tunnels, and underground complexes in different cities in the Philippines and many treasure hunters have gone in search of the elusive caches of loot since. Experts have dismissed the existence of the treasure for years, yet, in 1988 a Filipino treasure hunter filed and won a lawsuit against the former Philippine president after claiming to have found the treasure and was then subsequently robbed of the treasure by the then president.
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The Legend
During World War II General Tomoyuki Yamashita led Imperial Japanese forces through south-eastern Asia during which he conquered Malaya from the British in 70 days earning Yamashita the nickname of “The Tiger of Malaya”. During their siege on southeast Asia it is believed that the Imperial Japanese forces looted approximately 6,000 tonnes of gold with the intention of using the treasure to finance Japanese war efforts.
Upon realising he could no longer defend the Philippine capital of Manilla without a massive loss of both civilian and military lives, Yamashita ordered a withdrawal of his troops to the Sierra Madre mountains, north east of the capital.
It was after this retreat to the mountains that the rumours began to circulate that the general had taken a vast treasure with him and hidden it in caves and tunnels in the mountains known as the “Golden-Lilly” tunnels. These were a network of underground tunnel systems which had been dug and constructed into the mountains of the Philippines with the purpose of hiding the stolen loot.
One such tunnel known as ‘number-eight’ located somewhere in the Cagayan Valley in the northeast of the island of Luzon was supervised by Yamashita himself. When the tunnels were completed, the chambers were packed with enormous amounts of looted treasure.
The slaves and soldiers who had overseen the construction are believed to have been sealed up with the loot and left to die so that nobody but Yamashita and Prince Takeda would be alive to reveal its true location.
Yamashita was convicted of war crimes and executed by the United States Army on February 23rd, 1946 in Los Baños, Laguna taking the location of the treasure with him.
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The Treasure
The stolen loot is believed to consist of over 6,000 tonnes of gold and stolen property in many different forms of valuables taken from banks, depositories, other commercial premises, museums, private homes, and religious buildings before being moved to various caves and chambers made for storing the massive amounts of treasure before being sealed up.
One eye-witness claimed that one chamber held numerous stacked crates which filled an area approximately 6 feet x 35 feet, each crate packed with gold bullion. Alongside the crates was a 3-foot-tall solid 20-carat gold Buddha weighing approximately 1,000 kilograms. One cache of treasure that was allegedly found and believed to be a part of the Yamashita treasure was claimed to be worth over $22 billion!
That would be a life changing sum of money for most people if it was found.
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The Clues
Numerous Golden Lilly vaults were allegedly found by Edward Lansdale and Severino Garcia Diaz Santa Romana in caves north of Manila after Santa Romana (Santy) tortured Yamashita’s driver – Major Kojima Kashi to obtain the probable locations of the loot. Using the treasure that was found by Seagraves and Santa Romana, the ‘M-Fund’ (176 “black gold” banking accounts in 42 countries created to support future United States military operations) was established.
Other reports claim that the loot was initially concentrated in Singapore and then later transported to the Philippines with hopes of then shipping it to the Japanese home island after the war ended. Some of the ships carrying quantities of the loot are believed to have been sunk on route to Japan in a last ditch effort to get the loot back to Japan before the war ended, the treasures being lost to the ocean floor.
Photograph of Rogelio Roxas with the Golden Buddha. When the head was removed it was allegedly found to contain precious stones.
Imelda Marcos claimed in 1992 that Yamashita’s gold accounted for the bulk of her husband, Ferdinand Marco’s wealth. However, no evidence to support her claim was ever put forward. In 1988, Rogelio Roxas a Filipino treasure hunter filed a lawsuit in the state of Hawaii against Marcos, the former president of the Philippines and his wife Imelda for the theft of the Yamashita Treasure and for his torture and interrogation after allegedly locating the treasure.
Roxas claimed that in Baguio, 1961 he met the son of a former member of the Japanese army who mapped for him the location of the legendary Yamashita Treasure. He then met with another man who had served as Yamashita’s interpreter during World War II, who told Roxas that he remembered visiting an underground chamber near a convent where stores of gold and silver were being kept along with a golden Buddha.
Over the next few years Roxas put together a team to search for the treasure and obtained permits for the treasure hunt from a relative of Ferdinand, Judge Pio Marcos. In 1971, Roxas and his group uncovered an enclosed chamber on state lands near Baguio where he found bayonets, samurai swords, radios, and skeletal remains dressed in Japanese military uniforms.
Within the chamber were numerous stacked crates which filled an area approximately 6 feet x 6 feet x 35 feet, each crate packed with gold bullion. Alongside the crates was a 3-foot-tall solid 20-carat gold Buddha weighing approximately 1,000 kilograms.
From the cave he and his group took the golden Buddha and one crate of 24 gold bars which they hid in Roxas’ home. Seven of the gold bars were sold while Roxas sought a buyer for the golden Buddha. However, before Roxas could sell the Buddha, Ferdinand Marcos had heard about his discovery and had him arrested, beaten, and stole the Buddha and the remaining gold.
Roxas was incarcerated for over a year while he was interrogated about the treasure cave’s location. It was after his release and once Ferdinand lost his presidency in 1988 that Roxas made his legal allegations against Marcos. On the eve of the trial Roxas died but not before giving his testimony which would later be used as evidence in the trial against Marchos.
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Conclusion
In 1996, the Roxas estate and the Golden Buddha Corporation were awarded $22 billion which with interest became $40.5 billion and in 1998, the Hawaii Supreme Court held that there was sufficient evidence to support the jury’s finding that Roxas found the treasure and that Marcos converted it.
However, shortly after, the court reversed the award claiming that the claim for the chamber full of gold was too speculative due to a lack of evidence which could determine the actual quantity or quality of the gold. New hearings were ordered to address only the value of the gold Buddha and the 17 gold bars which had been taken from Roxas’ home resulting in a final judgement of $6 million to the Roxas Estate.
The United States Ninth Circuit Court Appeal made the following statement regarding the court case and Roxas’ claim. “The Yamashita Treasure was found by Roxas and stolen from Roxas by Marcos’ men.”
Despite the evidence that convinced a courtroom to award the Roxas Estate with $6 million, the treasure’s existence is still disputed. It has been argued by historians that the theory that the treasure was transported to the Philippines from mainland southeast Asia is unlikely as by 1943 the Japanese were no longer in control of the seas. As such, it would be irrational for something so valuable to have been brought to where it would undoubtedly be lost to the Americans sooner or later. It would have made more sense for the treasure to have been transported to Taiwan or China.
The story of the Roxas v Marcos trials and the statement made in conclusion of the trial has inspired many individuals and consortia, both Filipino and foreign to continue to search for the treasure sites which have led to a number of accidental deaths, injuries, and financial losses incurred by treasure hunters. Those wishing to go in search of the Yamashita Treasure legend in the Philippines can apply for permits and licenses through the National Museum of the Philippines.
Sources & References
Information for this article has been provided by various sources and are referenced here:
Primary Source: Yamashita’s Gold – Wikipedia
SOURCES:
Bibliography
- Seagrave, Sterling; Seagrave, Peggu (11 September 2002). Opération “Lys d’or” : Le scandaleux secret de la guerre du Pacifique ou comment les Etats-Unis ont utilisé le trésor de guerre japonais pour financer la guerre froide (in French). Yves Michalon Éditions (L’Harmattan). ISBN 978-2841861606.
- Seagrave, Sterling; Seagrave, Peggy (January 1, 2003). Gold Warriors: America’s Secret Recovery of Yamashita’s Gold. Verso. ASIN B00SQDO3GU
- Seagrave, Sterling; Seagrave, Peggy (December 26, 2005). Gold Warriors: America’s Secret Recovery of Yamashita’s Gold. Verso. ISBN 978-1844675319
- Anderson, Scott (2020). The Quiet Americans: Four CIA Spies at the Dawn of the Cold War – A Tragedy in Three Acts. Doubleday. ISBN 9780385540452
- Wolfe, Jane (1989). The Murchisons: The Rise and Fall of a Texas Dynasty. St Martins Press. ISBN 978-0312034047
- 高橋 五郎 (Takahashi, Goro) [in Japanese] (May 1, 2008). 天皇の金塊 (Emperor’s Gold Nugget) (in Japanese). Gakken Plus. ISBN 978-4054036000
Other sources of information:
abc-news: Imelda Marcos and the missing gold statue
Sofrep: Treasure Hunt: Some of the Riches Stolen During WWII are Still Missing Today
Attractour: BURIED TREASURES IN THE PHILIPPINES
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Written By
ADAM L C
Director of Areas Grey
Adam is an avid treasure hunter, seeker of adventure and the creator of Areas Grey. After travelling for almost half his life and cataloguing over 100 treasure legends along the way. He decided this was simply far too much treasure for one person to chase! As a result he created Areas Grey so he could share his stories, connect with other treasure hunters and put a little more adventure in the lives of the treasure hunting community.
Adam is a Private Investigator and former Wilderness Guide with a passion for history and archaeology. With the skills, knowledge and gear, Adam is always eager to go on the next fortune seeking adventure and connect with fellow treasure hunters along the way.
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$17 BILLION Dollar Shipwreck: The San Jose
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The Clock Without A Face – An Armchair Treasure Hunt
- by Grey
THE CLOCK WITHOUT A FACE
An Armchair Treasure Hunt
Overview
What does a cursed clock, twelve jeweled numbers hidden across the United States, and a puzzle book all have in common? They are all a part of the very same 2010 armchair treasure hunt book called The Clock Without a Face, written by Eli Horowitz and Mac Barnett with illustrations by Scott Teplin.
The basic plot of the book revolves around the theft of twelve jeweled numbers from the face of “the Emerald Khroniker”: a cursed clock that adorned a multi-floor apartment building. Clues to the thief’s identity and the whereabouts of the numbers are sprinkled throughout the text and in the accompanying pictures.
By the end of the book the identity of the thief is finally revealed, however, the location of the clock’s missing numbers is not and readers were therefore encouraged to solve the clues found throughout the book and use these clues to search for the numbers in the real world.
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The Legend
The Clock Without a Face has been described as “a treasure hunt, that is bright, with detailed illustrations that are fun to sift through and have an almost endless potential for clues, but the final solutions are ambiguous and unsatisfying.” There is a lot to unpack from this hunt so let’s start with a little more of a broader outline of the book.
The puzzle takes place with a couple of narrators, a detective named Roy Dodge and his assistant Gus Twintig. The detectives have been summoned to interview the dozen residents of the apartment building at 23 Glyph Street and investigate the theft of the 12 emerald-encrusted numbers from The Emerald Khroniker, the cursed clock that is on top of the building.
As you proceed through the book, floor by floor, you, the reader, are supposed to pick up clues that lead to the real life buried numbers. Each two page spread has a part of the story on one side, and a cutaway image showing the current floor and apartment on the other.
The drawings are intricate and are very well done with lots of detail that can be used to help solve the puzzle!
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The Treasure
Each of the twelve numbers that were hidden around the country were handcrafted by the New York jewelry designer Anna Sheffield and each was made with real emeralds on a solid backing. Each of the numbers had a different implied backstory.
One was purported to be from the quiet halls of a Tibetan monastery, one was said to be lifted from the buckle of an unknown pirate’s shoe. Yet another was allegedly made from the bottle of a Venetian glass blower.
No value was ever placed on the numbers by either the designer or the authors, instead the true value was how rare each number was, as well as the story of how each was found.
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The Clues
There were two main components of the book that the reader was tasked with ‘finding’. The first, or as many have said, the easy part are the missing objects from each floor. The residents of each of the floors 1 through 12 claim to have been robbed by a pair of men dressed as gorillas and each of them has had a special object stolen from their floor. These objects were actually hidden on one of the other floor images. Finding the hidden objects was not part of the actual treasure hunt and it did not lead you to any of the buried treasure, but it was a lot of fun, almost like a mini treasure hunt inside a bigger treasure hunt.
Part two of the puzzle book was where the real world treasure hunt began. For this part there were two important clues that helped determine the nature of the puzzle, the most important being the Fifth floor image. In this image there is a meta-copy of the Clock Without a Face book on the kitchen table and in the text that accompanies this image, the two ladies whose apartment it is say that they’ve got the state and the mile, but can’t figure out the highway. This was the key to solving the whole puzzle.
Every page of the book contained three hidden pieces of information, one, a US state, two, a number for an Interstate Highway, and three, a distance in miles along that highway. Finding these three hidden pieces of information on each page was tough and laborious. Some of them were easy, while some of them were so cryptic that working them out whilst knowing the answer was impossible.
The second clue needed to solve the puzzle was drawn on the blackboard on the Floor 1 image. The tree in the picture has the pentagonal outline of the Clock Without a Face book drawn on it, and an object buried in the ground beneath it. This was a clue that, in the real world, metal plaques were placed on trees at the location of each buried number, and this meant that treasure-seekers didn’t need to dig up an entire Interstate rest-stop to find the prize.
Some of the locations that numbers were found include Floor 11, this level leads players to the hidden number 3 that was found at the rest stop 89 miles along I-90 in Washington State. Floor 8 led players to the number 10 hidden 10 miles along I-95 in Connecticut, other floors led to I-80 in Indiana, I-76 in Ohio, and I-5 in California.
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Conclusion
The Clock Without a Face was a successful armchair treasure hunt, however, some of the puzzles even now have not been completely solved. Ultimately it took almost two years of solving and searching with many different people for all of the twelve missing numbers to be found. The Clock Without a Face was written in a time before some of the big treasure hunting forums like Tweleve.com and Mysterious Writings, and the prizes, though numerous were not substantial and because all the numbers were found, the book never took on the cult-like status of Masquerade or the Secret.
Eli Horowitz and Mac Barnett unfortunately did not collaborate on any other treasure hunts, however, they did both go on to accomplish other things. Eli became the co-creator of both the podcast and television series Homecoming as well as many other projects. Max Barnett went on to create many successful children’s books such as The Terrible Two series and Mac Barnett Kid Spy series, and Scott Teplin has also continued to illustrate and create many amazing pieces of art, much of which feature very similar artwork to that in The Clock Without a Face such as the book Alphabet City.
Sources & References
Information for this article has been provided by various sources and are referenced here:
REFERENCES:
- Day, David. “THE CLOCK WITHOUT A FACE”. Weekly Dig. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
- Messinger, Jonathan. “The Clock Without a Face – Scott Teplin, Mac Barnett, Eli Horowitz – Book Review – Time Out Chicago”. Time Out Chicago. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
- Vaziri, Aidin (April 30, 2010). “Clues in book will lead to buried treasure”. San Francisco Chronicle. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2 June 2010..
- “Read This Book And Join The Treasure Hunt”. NPR. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
Websites
- The Clock Without A Face – Wikipedia
- The Clock Without A Face – Dreams Of Gerontius
- Unearthing buried treasure at a highway rest stop with clock without a face – Wired
- The Clock Page – Teplin
- The Clock Without A Face – Mac Barnett
- Clock – Eli Horowitz
Map sources for Basing House
Coordinates: 51°16′07″N 1°03′09″W / 51.26872°N 1.05248°W / 51.26872; -1.05248
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Written By
ROBERT JENNER
Guest Writer
Robert, a guest writer for Areas Grey, has had treasure hunting coursing through his veins from a young age. A fascination with pirates, shipwrecks and lost treasures inspired him to study Marine Archaeology at QUT, working aboard cruise ships many years, then creating and hosting Live from the CodeBar: a podcast about treasure hunting.
Robert is also a member of Fourtune; the most successful armchair treasure hunting team to date which have solved: ‘The Lost Skull’, ‘It’s In LA’, ‘The Letters of St Germain’, ‘Hidden Treasures Treasure Hunt’, and more recently ‘The Bossall Treasure’ which had gone unsolved for almost 10 years!
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This Token Can Be Yours… If You Can Find It!
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